财会术语表
财会术语表
A
Accelerated methods of depreciation 加速折旧法
Accounts payable 应付账款
Accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转
Accounts receivable 应收账款
Accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转
Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
Activity method 作业方法
Additional paid-in capital 资本公积
Allowance method 备抵法
Annual report 年报
Appropriation of retained earnings 留存收益分配
Asset depreciation range (ADR) 资产折旧范围
Available-for-sale securities 短期投资
B
Bad debts 坏账
Basic earnings per share 基本每股盈利
Betterment 改良
"Big 5"五大会计师事务所
board of directors 董事会
bonds payable 应付债券
book gain/loss 账面收益/损失
C
Capital structure leverage 资本结构杠杆
Cash flow from financing 筹资产生的现金流量
Cash flow from investing 投资产生的现金流量
Cash flow from operations 经营产生的现金流量
Certificate of deposit 存款单
Certified public accountant 注册会计师
Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表
Clean audit opinion 无保留意见
9119.html">Collateral 抵押品, 担保品
Collection period 商业票据
Common earnings leverage 普通收入杠杆
Common stock 普通股
Common-size financial statements 共同比财务报表
Conservatism 稳健
Consignment 寄销品
Consistency 连续性
Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表
Copyright 版权
Cost 成本
Cost method 成本法
Cost of goods sold 销货成本
CPA certified public accountant 注册会计师
Cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股
Current maturity of long-term debts 即将到期的长期负债
Current ratio 流动比率
D
Default 违约
Deferred cost 递延成本
Deferred income 递延收益
Deferred income taxes 递延所得税
Defined benefit pension plan 即定收益养老金方案
Defined contribution pension plan 即定供款养老金方案
Depreciation 折旧
Diluted earnings per share 摊薄后每股盈利
Direct method 直线法
Direct write-off method 直接注销法
Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价
Double taxation 双重征税
Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减法
DuPont Model 杜邦体系
E
Economic entity assumption 经济个体假定
Effective interest method 实际利息法
Escrow 代管
Extraordinary item 非经常项目
F
Financial accounting standards 财务会计标准
Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会
Financial condition 财务状况
Financial performance 财务业绩
Financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析
Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析
First-in, first-out 先进先出法
Fiscal period assumption 会计期间假设
FOB destination 离岸货价
Footnotes 附注
Freight-in 运费已付
Frequent transactions 经常性交易
G
Generally accepted accounting principles一般会计原则
Goods in transit 在途商品
Gross profit 毛利
H
Hidden reserves 秘密准备
Historical cost 历史成本
Human resources 人力资源
Hurdle rate 利率下限
Hybrid security 混合证券
I
Income 收益
Income statement 损益表
Independent auditor 独立审计
Indirect method 间接法
Input market 投入市场
Interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率
Interest-bearing obligation 附息债务
Internal control system 内部控制系统
Internal Revenue Service 国内税收总署
Interperiod tax allocation跨期税款分摊
Intraperiod tax allocation 所得税期内分摊
L
Land 土地,不动产
Last-in, first-out 后进先出
Leverage 杠杆效应
Liability 负债
Life of a bond 年金期间
LIFO conformity rule 后进先出法一致性规则
LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备
Line of credit 信用限额
Loss 亏损
Loss contingency 或有损失
Lower-of-cost-or-market rule 成本与市价孰低原则
M
Maintenance expenditure 维修费用
Management discretion 管理决策
Management letter 管理建议书
Mark-to-market accounting 按市场计价法会计
Markdown 减低标价
Market share 市场份额
Marketable securities 有价证券
Materiality 重要性
Maturity date 到期日
Maturity value 到期值
Measurement theory 计量理论
Merchandise inventory 商品盘存
Multinational corporation 跨国公司
N
Net income 净收益
Net of tax 税后净额
Net profit 净收益
nonparticipating preferred stock 非参加优先股
nonprofit entity 非盈利实体
not-for-profit accounting 非盈利账户
O
Obsolescence 过时,陈旧
Off-balance-sheet financing 资产负债表外融资
Operating cycle 营业周期
Operating days 营业日
Organizational forms 组织形式
Original cost 原始成本
Other gains and losses 其它收益和亏损
Other revenues and expenses 其它收益和亏损
Overhead 管理费用
P
Participating preferred stock 参与优先股
Partnership 合伙
Patent 专利
Pension 养老金
Percentage-of-credit-sales approach 赊销百分比法
Periodic method 定期法
Perpetual method 永续法
Physical obsolescence 实物陈旧
Postacquisition expenditures 收购后费用
Postretirement costs 退休后成本
Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价
Prepaid expenses 准备成本
Price/earnings ratio 价格/收益比
Prime interest rate 优惠利率
Prior period adjustment 前期调整数
Private company 私人公司
Proceeds 收入
Property, plan, and equipment 财产,车间和设备
Proxy statement 委托书
Public accounting firms 会计师事务所
Purchase method 购买法
Q
Qualified audit report 有保留意见的审计报告
Quick ratio 速动比率
R
Rate of return 回报率
Realized gain or loss 已实现收益或损失
Recognized gain or loss 确认收益或损失
Related party transaction 关联交易
Replacement cost 重置成本
Restrictive covenant 约束性规定
Retirement 退休,退股
Return on equity from financial leverage 融资杠杆净资产收益率
Revaluation adjustment 重估调整
S
Securities and Exchange Commission 证券及期货事务监察委员会
SG & A 销售,一般和行政花费
Specific identification 个体辨认
Statement of retained earning 留存收益表
Statement of stockholder's equity股东权益表
Stock split in the form of a dividend 股票股利的股票拆分
Straight-line method 直线法
Sum-of-the-years'-digits method 年数总和法
Supplies inventory物料盘存
T
Tax deductible 税款抵扣
Taxable income 应税收入
Technical default 技术性违约
Technical obsolescence 技术陈旧
Trade-in 以旧换新
Trademark or trade name 商号
Transportation-in 在途运输
U
Uncollectibles 坏账
Unearned revenue 未获收入
Uniformity 统一
Unqualified audit report 在编审计报告
Unrealized gain or loss 未实现收入或损失
Useful life 使用年限
Usual transactions 普通交易
V
W