财会术语表

财会术语表

  A

  Accelerated methods of depreciation 加速折旧

  Accounting equation 会计等式

  Accounting period 会计期间

  Accounts payable 应付账款

  Accounts payable turnover 应付账款周转

  Accounts receivable 应收账款

  Accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转

  Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计

  Accruals 应计项目

  Accrued payables 付款

  Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧

  Activity method 作业方法

  Activity ratios 作业比率

  Actuary 精算师,精算

  Additional paid-in capital 资本公积

  Aging schedule账龄分析表

  Allowance method 备抵法

  Amortization 摊销

  Analytic review 分析性复核

  Annual report 年报

  Annuity 年金

  Appropriation of retained earnings 留存收益分配

  Asset 资产

  Asset depreciation range (ADR) 资产折旧范围

  Asset impairment 资产清理

  Asset retirement 资产报废

  Asset turnover 资产周转率

  Audit 审计

  Audit committee 审计委员会

  Audit opinion 审计意见

  Audit report 审计报告

  Authorized shares 授权股本,注册股份

  Available-for-sale securities 短期投资

  B

  Bad debts 坏账

  Balance sheet 资产负债

  Bank reconciliation 银行对账

  Basic earnings per share 基本每股盈利

  Betterment 改良

  "Big 5"五大会计师事务所

  board of directors 董事

  bond 债券契约

  bonds payable 应付债券

  book gain/loss 账面收益/损失

  book value 账面价值

  borrowing capacity 融资能力

  business acquisition 企业兼并

  business combination 企业合并

  business segment 企业内部责任单位

  C

  Call provision 提前赎回条款

  Capital 资产

  Capital lease 资本租赁

  Capital structure 资本结构

  Capital structure leverage 资本结构杠杆

  Capitalization ratios 资本比率

  Capitalize 资本

  Cash discount 现金折扣

  Cash equivalent 现金等价物

  Cash flow 现金

  Cash flow accounting 现金流量会计

  Cash flow from financing资产生的现金流量

  Cash flow from investing 投资产生的现金流量

  Cash flow from operations 经营产生的现金流量

  Cash flow projection 现金项目

  Cash management 现金管理

  Certificate of deposit 存款

  Certified public accountant 注册会计

  Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债

  Clean audit opinion 无保留意见

  9119.html">Collateral 抵押品, 担保

  Collection period 商业票据

  Common earnings leverage 普通收入杠杆

  Common stock 普通股

  Common-size financial statements 共同比财务报表

  Compensating balance 抵销余额

  Conservatism 稳健

  Consignment 寄销品

  Consistency 连续性

  Consolidated financial statements 合并财务报表

  Contingency 或有事项

  Contingent liability 或有负债

  Contra account 对销账户

  Contributed capital 实缴资本

  Controlling interest 控股权

  Convertible bonds 可转换债券

  Copyright 版权

  Corporation 公司

  Cost 成本

  Cost expiration 成本耗用

  Cost method 成本

  Cost of capital资金成本

  Cost of goods sold 销货成本

  Covenant 契约

  CPA certified public accountant 注册会计

  Credit quality 信用程度

  Credit rating 信用评级

  Credit terms 信用条件

  Creditor 债权

  Cumulative preferred stock 累积优先股

  Current assets 流动资产

  Current cost 现行成本

  Current liabilities 流动负债

  Current maturity of long-term debts 即将到期的长期负债

  Current ratio 流动比率

  D

  Debenture 债券

  Debt 债务

  Debt covenant 债务契约

  Debt investment 债权投资

  Debt ratio 负债比率

  Debt redemptions 债务清偿

  Debt/equity ratio 负债/权益比率

  Default 违约

  Deferred cost 递延成本

  Deferred income 递延收益

  Deferred income taxes 递延所得税

  Deferred revenue 递延收入

  Defined benefit pension plan 即定收益养老金方案

  Defined contribution pension plan 即定供款养老金方案

  Depletion 折耗

  Depreciation 折旧

  Depreciation base 折旧系数

  Depreciation expense 折旧费用

  Diluted earnings per share 摊薄后每股盈利

  Dilution 摊薄

  Dilutive securities 摊薄证券

  Direct method 直线法

  Direct write-off method 直接注销法

  Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价

  Discount rate 贴现率,折扣率

  Divestiture 风险

  Dividend yield 股息

  Dividends 股息

  Dividends in arrears应付股利

  Double taxation 双重征税

  Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减法

  DuPont Model 杜邦体系

  E

  Earning power 盈利能力

  Earnings 盈利

  Earnings per share 每股利

  Earning quality 收益质量

  Economic entity assumption 经济个体假定

  Economic value added 经济价值增加

  Effective interest method 实际利息

  Effective interest rate 实际利率

  Equity 所有者权益

  Equity investment 权益投资

  Equity issuance 发行股票

  Equity method 权益

  Equity security 股本证券

  Escrow 代管

  Exchange rate 汇率

  Expense 费用

  External financing 外部融资

  Extraordinary item 非经常项目

  F

  Face value 面值

  Fair market value 公允市价

  Financial accounting 财务会计

  Financial accounting standards 财务会计标准

  Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计标准委员会

  Financial condition 财务状况

  Financial flexibility 财务弹性

  Financial performance 财务业绩

  Financial ratio analysis 财务比率分析

  Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析

  Financial statements 财务报表

  Financing activities 融资活动

  First-in, first-out 先进先出法

  Fiscal period assumption 会计期间假设

  Fiscal year 会计年度

  Fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转

  Fixed assets 固定资产

  FOB destination 离岸货价

  FOB shipping point 起运点交货

  Footnotes 附注

  Forward contract 期货合同

  Freight-in 运费已付

  Frequent transactions 经常性交易

  G

  Gain contingency 或有收益

  Generally accepted accounting principles一般会计原则

  Going concern 持续经营

  Goods in transit 在途商品

  Goodwill 商誉

  Government accounting 政府会计

  Gross margin 毛利边际贡献

  Gross profit 毛利

  H

  Hedging 套期保值

  Hidden reserves 秘密准备

  Historical cost 历史成本

  Human capital 人力资源

  Human resources 人力资源

  Hurdle rate 利率下限

  Hybrid security 混合证券

  I

  Income 收益

  Income statement 损益

  Independent auditor 独立审计

  Indirect method 间接法

  Industry 行业

  Inflation 通货膨胀

  Input market 投入市场

  Installment obligation 分期付款

  Intangible asset 无形资产

  Interest 利息

  Interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率

  Interest-bearing obligation 附息债务

  Internal control system 内部控制系统

  Internal financing 内部筹资

  Internal Revenue Code 国内税收法规

  Internal Revenue Service 国内税收总署

  Interperiod tax allocation跨期税款分摊

  Intraperiod tax allocation 所得税期内分摊

  Inventory 存货

  Inventory turnover 存货周转

  Investing activities 投资活动

  L

  Land 土地,不动产

  Last-in, first-out 后进先出

  Lease 租赁

  Leverage 杠杆效应

  Liability 负债

  Life of a bond 年金期间

  LIFO conformity rule 后进先出法一致性规则

  LIFO liquidation 后进先出法清算

  LIFO reserve 后进先出法准备

  Line of credit 信用限额

  Liquidation 清算   

   Liquidity 流动性

  Listed company 上市公司

  Loan contract 贷款合同

  Loan covenant 贷款契约

  Long-lived assets 长期资产

  Long-term loan 长期负债

  Long-term debt ratio长期债务

  Long-term investments 长期投资

  Loss 亏损

  Loss contingency 或有损失

  Lower-of-cost-or-market rule 成本市价孰低原则

  M

  MACRS 加速成本回收法修正系统

  Maintenance expenditure 维修费用

  Management accounting 管理会计

  Management discretion 管理决策

  Management letter 管理建议书

  Manufacturing company 制造公司

  Margin 毛利

  Mark-to-market accounting市场计价法会计

  Markdown 减低标价

  Market price市场价格

  Market share 市场份额

  Market value 市价

  Market-to-book ratio 市价与账面值比率

  Marketable securities 有价证券

  Matching principle 配比原则

  Materiality 重要性

  Maturity date 到期日

  Maturity value 到期值

  Measurement theory 计量理论

  Merchandise inventory 商品盘存

  Merger 合并

  Mortgage 抵押按揭

  Mortgage payable 应付抵押

  Multinational corporation 跨国公司

  N

  Natural resource cost 自然资源成本

  Net assets资产

  Net book value 净账面价值

  Net credit sales 净赊销

  Net earnings 净收益

  Net income 净收益

  Net of tax 税后净额

  Net operation income 净营业收入

  Net profit 净收益

  Net realizable value 可实现净值

  Net sales 销售净额

  Net worth 资本净值

  nonoperating items 营业外项目

  nonparticipating preferred stock 非参加优先股

  nonprofit entity 非盈利实体

  not-for-profit accounting盈利账户

  notes payable 应付票据

  notes receivable 应收票据

  O

  Obsolescence 过时,陈旧

  Off-balance-sheet financing 资产负债表外融资

  Open account 未清账户

  Operating activities 经营活动

  Operating cycle 营业周期

  Operating days 营业日

  Operating expenses 营业费用

  Operating income 营业收益

  Operating lease 经营租赁

  Operating margin 营业毛利

  Operating performance 经营业绩

  Operating revenues 营业收入

  Opinion letter 审计报告

  Ordinary stock dividend 普通股股利

  Organizational forms 组织形式

  Original cost 原始成本

  Other gains and losses 其它收益和亏损

  Other revenues and expenses 其它收益和亏损

  Output market 输出市场

  Outstanding shares 发行在外的股份

  Overhead 管理费用

  Owner's equity 所有者权益

  P

  Paper profits 账面利润

  Per value 面值

  Parent company 母公司

  Participating preferred stock 参与优先股

  Partnership 合伙

  Patent 专利

  Payments in advance 付款

  Pension 养老金

  Percentage-of-credit-sales approach 赊销百分比法

  Periodic method 定期法

  Perpetual method 永续法

  Physical obsolescence 实物陈旧

  Portfolio 投资组合

  Postacquisition expenditures 收购费用

  Postretirement costs 退休后成本

  Preemptive right 优先股权

  Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价

  Prepaid expenses 准备成本

  Present value 现值

  Price/earnings ratio 价格/收益比  
    Prime interest rate 优惠利率

  Principal 本金当事人

  Prior period adjustment 前期调整

  Private company 私人公司

  Proceeds 收入

  Production capacity 产能

  Production efficiency 生产效率

  Profit 利润

  Profit and loss statement 损益

  Profitability 获利能力

  Profitability ratios 获利能力比率

  Property 财产

  Property, plan, and equipment 财产,车间和设备

  Prospectus 招股说明书

  Proxy statement 委托书

  Public accounting firms 会计师事务所

  Purchase method 购买法

  Purchasing power 购买力 

   Q

  Qualified audit report 有保留意见的审计报告

  Quick ratio 速动比率

  R

  Rate of return 回报率

  Realized gain or loss 已实现收益或损失

  Recognized gain or loss 确认收益或损失

  Redemption 赎回

  Refinancing筹资

  Related party transaction 关联交易

  Replacement cost 重置成本

  Restrictive covenant 约束性规定

  Restructuring charges 重组成本

  Retail company 零售公司

  Retained earnings 留存收益

  Retirement 退休,退股

  Return on assets 资产报酬

  Return on equity 净资产收益

  Return on equity from financial leverage 融资杠杆净资产收益

  Return on investment 投资回报率

  Return on sales 销售利润

  Revaluation adjustment 重估调整

  Revenue 收入

  Revenue recognition 收入确认

  Risk 风险

  Risk premium 风险报酬

  Risk-free return 无风险回报

  S

  Sales 销售

  Sales growth 销售增长

  Sales returns 销售退回

  Salvage value 残值

  Secured note 有担保票据

  Securities and Exchange Commission 证券期货事务监察委员会

  Security 证券

  Service company 服务公司

  Service revenue 服务收益

  SG & A 销售,一般和行政花费

  Short-term debt 短期负债

  Short-term investment 短期投资

  Sole proprietorship 独资经营

  Solvency 偿债能力

  Solvency ratios 偿债比率

  Specific identification 个体辨认

  Standard audit report 标准审计报告

  Stated interest rate 票面利率

  Statement of cash flows 现金流量

  Statement of retained earning 留存收益

  Statement of stockholder's equity股东权益

  Stock 股票

  Stock dividend 股利

  Stock market 股票市场

  Stock opinions 股票价格

  Stock split 股份拆细

  Stock split in the form of a dividend 股票股利股票拆分

  Stockholders 股东

  Stockholders' equity 股东权益

  Straight-line method 直线法

  Subsidiary 公司

  Sum-of-the-years'-digits method 年数总和法

  Supplies inventory物料盘存

  T

  T-account analysis T形账户分析法

  Takeover 收购

  Taking a bath 冲销

  Tax accounting 税务会计

  Tax deductible 税款抵扣

  Taxable income 应税收

  Technical default 技术性违约

  Technical obsolescence 技术陈旧

  Term loan 定期贷款

  Times interest earned 利息保障倍数

  Trade-in 以旧换新

  Trademark or trade name 商号

  Trading securities 交易证券

  Transportation-in 在途运输

  Treasury notes 中期国库

  Treasury stock 库存股票

  U

  Uncollectibles 坏账

  Unearned revenue 未获收入

  Uniformity 统一

  Unqualified audit report 在编审计报告

  Unrealized gain or loss 未实现收入或损失

  Unsecured notes 无担保票据

  Useful life 使用年限

  Usual transactions 普通交易

  V

  Valuation base 计价基础

  W

  Warranty 认股权证

  Window dressing 粉饰

  Working capital 营运资金,周转资金